Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder is a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings, including manic (high energy) and depressive (low energy) episodes. These mood shifts affect daily life, relationships, and work.

Types of Bipolar Disorder

• Bipolar I Disorder : Severe manic episodes lasting at least 7 days, often requiring hospitalization, followed by depressive episodes.
• Bipolar II Disorder : Less intense manic episodes (hypomania) with longer periods of depression.
• Cyclothymic Disorder : Frequent mood swings that last for at least 2 years but are less severe than Bipolar I or II.
• Other Types : Bipolar symptoms triggered by substances or medical conditions.

Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder

Manic/Hypomanic Episodes (High Energy Phase)

• Extreme energy and excitement.
• Decreased need for sleep.
• Racing thoughts and rapid speech.
• Impulsive behavior (spending sprees, risky actions).
• Increased self-confidence or feeling invincible.

2. Depressive Episodes (Low Energy Phase)

• Deep sadness or hopelessness.
• Fatigue, difficulty concentrating.
• Loss of interest in activities.
• Changes in sleep and appetite.
• Suicidal thoughts or self-harm tendencies.

Causes & Risk Factors

• Genetics – Family history of bipolar disorder.
• Brain Chemistry – Imbalance of neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin).
• Stress & Trauma – Major life changes, emotional distress, or substance abuse.

Diagnosis & Treatment

Mood Stabilizers:

• Lithium
• Valproate (Depakote)
• Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Antipsychotic Medications:

• Olanzapine
• Quetiapine
• Risperidone
• Antidepressants (with caution) – Often used with mood stabilizers to prevent triggering mania.
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Helps identify mood triggers and develop coping strategies.
• Lifestyle Management:
• Regular sleep, diet, and exercise.
• Keeping a mood journal to track episodes.
• Family support & psychoeducation.
• Stress management through mindfulness & meditation.