Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder that affects a person’s thinking, emotions, and behavior. It often involves hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking, making it difficult to distinguish reality from imagination.

Symptoms of Schizophrenia

1. Positive Symptoms (Excess or Distorted Behaviors):

• Hallucinations – Hearing voices, seeing things that aren’t there.
• Delusions – Strong false beliefs (e.g., believing they are being watched or have special powers).
• Disorganized Speech – Incoherent or illogical speech patterns.
• Disorganized Behavior – Unpredictable, inappropriate, or bizarre actions.

Negative Symptoms (Loss of Normal Functions):

• Lack of motivation or energy.
• Reduced speech or difficulty expressing emotions.
• Social withdrawal or loss of interest in relationships.
• Inability to experience pleasure (anhedonia).

Cognitive Symptoms (Thinking & Memory Issues):

• Poor concentration and memory problems.
• Difficulty in organizing thoughts or making decisions.
• Trouble understanding information or following conversations.

Causes & Risk Factors

• Genetics – Family history of schizophrenia increases risk.
• Brain Chemistry – Imbalance in neurotransmitters like dopamine and glutamate.
• Pregnancy Complications – Malnutrition, infections, or birth complications.
• Substance Abuse – Drug use, especially hallucinogens or stimulants.
• Stress & Trauma – Major life events may trigger symptoms.

Diagnosis & Treatment

Antipsychotic Medications:

• Clozapine (for treatment-resistant schizophrenia)
• Risperidone
• Olanzapine
• Aripiprazole

Psychotherapy & Rehabilitation:

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Helps manage delusions & hallucinations.
• Social Skills Training: Improves daily functioning.
• Family Therapy: Provides education & support for caregivers.

Lifestyle & Self-Care Strategies:

• Regular Routine & Stress Management
• Healthy Diet & Exercise
• Medication Adherence – Sticking to prescribed treatment.
• Social Support & Rehabilitation Programs