Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic mental health condition characterized by uncontrollable, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) performed to reduce anxiety. OCD can interfere with daily life, work, and relationships.

Symptoms of OCD

1. Obsessions (Unwanted, Repetitive Thoughts):

• Fear of germs, contamination, or dirt.
• Unwanted aggressive or harmful thoughts.
• Fear of making mistakes or forgetting things.
• Need for symmetry, order, or exactness.
• Intrusive sexual, religious, or taboo thoughts.

Compulsions (Repetitive Actions to Reduce Anxiety):

• Excessive hand washing or cleaning.
• Repeatedly checking locks, appliances, or switches.
• Counting, tapping, or repeating words silently.
• Arranging objects in a precise way.
• Seeking reassurance or avoiding situations that trigger obsessions.

Causes & Risk Factors of OCD

• Genetics – Family history of OCD or anxiety disorders.
• Brain Functioning – Abnormalities in serotonin levels.
• Infections & Autoimmune Disorders – Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder (PANDAS).
• Stress & Trauma – Major life changes, abuse, or emotional stress.

Diagnosis & Treatment Options

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

• Exposure & Response Prevention (ERP) – Facing fears gradually while avoiding compulsions.
• Cognitive Therapy – Changing thought patterns that trigger OCD behaviors.

Medications

• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs):
• Fluoxetine (Prozac)
• Sertraline (Zoloft)
• Fluvoxamine (Luvox)
• Paroxetine (Paxil)
• Clomipramine (Anafranil)

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) & Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

• Used for severe, treatment-resistant OCD cases.

Lifestyle & Self-Help Strategies

• Regular exercise & meditation to reduce stress.
• Healthy diet & sleep schedule for emotional stability.
• Journaling to track intrusive thoughts & responses.
• Family support & education to improve coping strategies.